Norsky jazyk --- The norwegian language

Okrem nakupovania niektorych nevyhnutnych veci a pisania vsetkeho, co potrebujem, na listocek, je sucastou priprav aj studium jazyka. Nakupil som si cesko-norsky slovnik, prirucku s vyrazmi pre turistov a cesku ucebnicu norstiny pre samoukov s 2 CD. S prekvapenim som zistil, ze norstina nie je az tak tazka. Gramatika podobna tej nemeckej, slovicka su zmeska anglictiny, nemciny a francuzstiny ( kjøpe - shop - nakupovat, forstå - verstehen - rozumiet) a trochu aj slovenciny :-) (akkurat). Najhorsie je zvyknut si na vyslovnost...
Norstina patri do skupiny severogermanskych jazykov. 1000 rokov dozadu sa v celej Skandinavii a na Islande hovorilo rovnako. No v priebehu nasledujucich 300 rokov sa vyvynuli norstina, svedstina a danstina, ktore sa zjednodusili oproti starosevercine. Preto sa aj dnes tieto narody dokazu dorozumiet. Maju to nieco take, ako my s cestinou. Norstina sa deli na dva druhy: bokmål a nynorsk. Bokmål znamena nieco ako ,knizny jazyk,. Pouziva ho asi 85% obyvatelstva, vratane medii. Nynorsk znamena v preklade ,nova norstina,. Je ovela mladsia ako bokmål. Hoci boli uz mnohe pokusy o zjednotenie tychto 2 jazykov, zostavaju zatial obe formy rovnopravne. Na jazyk mala velky vplyv spolocna unia s Danskom, ktora trvala viac ako 400 rokov. Pocas tohto obdobia sa pouzivala hlavne danstina a norstina sa postupne vytracala. Snaha o vytvorenie vlastneho spisovneho jazyka zacala az rokom 1814. Bokmål pouzivali vzdelani mestania a bol odvodeni z danstiny, zatial co nynorsk mal za zaklad norske dialekty. 1892 boli obe formy zrovnopravnene a kazda obec si mohla slobodne vybrat, co dodnes brani zjednoteniu. Asi 20 000 obyvatelov su Laponci, ktorych jazyk je taktiez rovnopravny s norstinou a ziaci v laponskych okresoch sa v nom mozu ucit.

As a part of my preparation for the journey is, beside buying necessary things and putting down everything I need on the scrap of paper, learning Norwegian. I have bought a dictionary, a book with useful expressions for tourists and a student book with grammar and excercises. I was surprised, when I found out, that Norwegian language is not so difficult to learn. Grammar like the german one, the vocabulary is a mixture of altered english,german and french words ( kjøpe - shop, forstå - verstehen - understand) and even of slovak words :-) (akkurat - akurát - right now). But it is hard to get used to the pronounciation...
Norwegian language is part of the northgermanic languages. 1000 years ago was only one language spoken in the whole Scandinavia and on Iceland. However, throughout next 300 years Norwegian, Swedish and Danish were developed. They were simplified in comparison to oldnordic language and that is the reason why these nations have no problems to understand each other. It is like Slovak and Czech. There are two kinds of Norwegian: bokmål a nynorsk. Bokmål means something like ,the langauge in the books,. 85% of the population speak it. It is an administrational language. Nynorsk means literally , the new norse language,. It is younger than bokmål. There were many attempts of unifying these two kinds but so far unsuccesful.
The great influence on Norwegian had The Union with Denmark, which lasted almost 500 years. The admin language was Danish and Norwegian was gradually extincting. First in 1814 began attempts to compose literary norwegian language. Bokmål was used by educated townsmen, whereas nynorsk was based on norwegian dialects. 1892 were both forms equalized and every city and town was free to choose between them. And that hinders the unification. Approximately 20 000 inhabitants are Laplanders, whose language is also equal to Norwegian. And in lapp counties they can be educated in their language at schools.